Here Paul says to Gentile believers: "Behold then the kindness and severity of God; to those who fell, severity, but to you, God's kindness, if you continue in His kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off." This was the practice in the Roman agriculture, as we learn from Virgil, Georg. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". College Press, Joplin, MO. The Roman [Church] has not remained in goodness, since the righteousness of works has been introduced.— ἐπεὶ, otherwise) Believers may utterly fall away.— ἑκκοπήοῃ, thou shalt be cut off) by the sword; not merely, shalt be broken off [ ἑκκλασθήσῃ], as they were, by the hand. 22 Notice how God is both kind and severe. In relation to them the favor of God was dependent on their fidelity. But if it be asked respecting individuals, “How any one could be cut off from the grafting, and how, after excision, he could be grafted again,” — bear in mind, that there are three modes of insition, and two modes of excision. The apostle, having adopted this metaphor as the best he could find to express that act of God's justice and mercy by which the Jews were rejected, and the Gentiles elected in their stead, and, in order to show that though the Jewish tree was cut down, or its branches lopped off, yet it was not rooted up, he informs the Gentile believers that, as it is customary to insert a good scion in a bad or useless stock, they who were bad, contrary to the custom in such cases, were grafted in a good stock, and their growth and fruitfulness proclaimed the excellence and vegetative life of the stock in which they were inserted. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/ebc/romans-11.html. Here it refers to the act of God in cutting off or rejecting the Jews as useless branches; and conveys no idea of injustice, cruelty, or harshness. the last word being implied, not expressed. Copyright StatementThese files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website. 22 Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/hal/romans-11.html. And whence came so sudden a change, except that the Gentiles had fallen away from their calling? David said in Psalm 19:9-10 9The decrees of the Lord are firm, and all of them are righteous. Goodness and severity ( χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν ). The Gentiles are a wild olive, which is a tree that bears no fruit; but it may be made to bear if grafted on the Jewish stock. is from αποτομος — apotomos cut off, abrupt, and this adjective from αποτεμνω — apotemnō to cut off. i. BibliographySchaff, Philip. 7 [and 8]),—prevents the break evidently intended between the treatment of the case of the Gentile and that of the Jews). "The Bible Study New Testament". The same God is merciful and severe, with respect to different persons and different qualifications. If this reading be adopted, ἐστίν must be supplied. Romans 1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; Romans 2:4,5 Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? Some think the cause is here put for the effect, the goodness of God for faith, which was wrought in them by the goodness or grace of God. "Robertson's Word Pictures of the New Testament". The foundation of all such statements is the simple truth, that He who purposes the end, purposes also the means; and he brings about the end by securing the use of the means. 1909-1922. 13 Contribute to the needs of the saints and seek to show hospitality. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/cal/romans-11.html. Used by Permission. BibliographyPoole, Matthew, "Commentary on Romans 11:22". How kind and how severe God is. The word “thou” refers here to the Gentile churches. 4-11). Romans 11:22. DD. 1765. Behold the goodness and severity of God, &c. They shall be graffed in, if they abide not in unbelief; for God is able to graff them in again. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". 22 Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off. What if God, desiring to show his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, King James Bible. Nam qua se medio trudunt de cortice gemmae, Et tenues rumpunt tunicas, angustus in ipso, Fit nodo sinus: huc aliena ex arbore germen. that goodness; for ([supply otherwise:] assuming that thou dost not abide by that goodness) thou also shalt be cut off (ind. The positions are reversible. Paul then teaches us, that the Gentiles were admitted into the hope of eternal life on the condition, that they by their gratitude retained possession of it. Scripture: Romans 11:17–22. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". Okay Meets His Maker (Romans 2:1-16) God Plays No Favorites (Romans 3:27-31) Where Grace and Wrath Meet: What the Cross Meant to God (Romans 3:24-26) The Only Way to Be Right With God (Romans 3:21-26) The Man in the Mirror (Romans 3:9-20) Where Grace and Wrath Meet (Romans 3:24-26) I Object! This passage, however, has no legitimate bearing on this subject. BibliographyHodge, Charles. Bullinger's Companion bible Notes". This excludes presumption, and in general all such temper as is be trayed in taking an attitude of superiority to the Jews. The positions are reversible. It is rather to warn that if we do not continue to truly believe it will be a sign that our faith was not genuinely in Him, otherwise He would have maintained it. Behold then the kindness and severity of God; to those who fell, severity, but to you, God's kindness, if you continue in His kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off. Gentiles can become objects of God"s sternness, and Jews can become the object of His kindness. ‎One classic John Piper sermon or conference message for each day of the year, based on listeners’ recommendations and feedback. Romans 11:22 Parallel Verses [⇓ See commentary ⇓] Romans 11:22, NIV: "Consider therefore the kindness and sternness of God: sternness to those who fell, but kindness to you, provided that you continue in his kindness.Otherwise, you also will be cut off." "Commentary on Romans 11:22". Ver. 1999-2014. severity = cutting off. Some twelve years after Paul wrote these words, the Roman army surrounded Jerusalem and 1,100,000 Jews (who had fallen) DESTROYED THEMSELVES (see note on Matthew 24:21). 1851. "Whedon's Commentary on the Bible". The apostle in these verses uses a metaphor taken from engrafting, εγκεντρισις, from the verb εγκεντριζω, from εν, in, and κεντριζω, to puncture, because engrafting was frequently done by making a puncture in the bark of a tree, and then inserting a bud taken from another. 22.] https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/hdg/romans-11.html. There’s no rush to get through anything. Rather let them dread the more terrible vengeance on that account. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". Behold then the goodness and severity of God: toward them that fell, severity; but toward thee, God's goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off. Romans 11:1–10 says: God’s word stands because the promise did guarantee a remnant of believing Jews, and the election of grace has preserved this very thing. The first is taken from the example of God’s, severity to the Jews; they falling into apostacy and unbelief, are generally cut off and cast away. We need to hold the two in balance. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". "Those who fell" are the unbelieving Jews, and "you" are the believing Gentiles. In Romans 11:23-24 the idea of severity is applied, as that of goodness was in the foregoing verse. But as he speaks not of the elect individually, but of the whole body, a condition is added, If they continued in his kindness I indeed allow, that as soon as any one abuses God’s goodness, he deserves to be deprived of the offered favor; but it would be improper to say of any one of the godly particularly, that God had mercy on him, when he chose him, provided he would continue in his mercy; for the perseverance of faith, which completes in us the effect of God’s grace, flows from election itself. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/gsb/romans-11.html. It is the same with salvation being come to them, Romans 11:11 with their being enriched, Romans 11:12 with their being grafted into the good olive-tree, Romans 11:17 with their having obtained mercy, Romans 11:30 with their being called and chosen, ch. With the close of this verse the apostle returns to his principal subject, the future of Israel. 2 Corinthians 13:10. ἐὰν ἐπιμένῃς τῇ χρηστότητι: if you remain on in the goodness, i.e., continue to be indebted to it, and to it alone, for your religious position. Here it signifies the kindness of God in bestowing these favors on the Gentiles.If thou continue in his goodness - The word “his” is not in the original. 1832. Their response determines whether God will spare them ( Romans 11:21) or cut them off ( Romans 11:22). https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/whe/romans-11.html. On them which fell, severity - On the Jews, who had been rejected because of their unbelief. The word “thou” refers here to the Gentile churches. "Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers". John Piper Feb 15, 2004 43 Shares Sermon. Romans 11:22 in all English translations. The divine goodness is not a weak and vacillating namby-pambyism, which is as revolting and disgusting as it is untrue of that divinity which gave us birth. For he would have the Gentiles to depend on the eternal covenant of God, so as to connect their own with the salvation of the elect people, and then, lest the rejection of the Jews should produce offense, as though their ancient adoption were void, he would have them to be terrified by this example of punishment, so as reverently to regard the judgment of God. The goodness and the severity of God (χρηστοτητα και αποτομιαν τεου — chrēstotēta kai apotomian theou). 1801-1803. Romans 11:22New Living Translation (NLT) 22 Notice how God is both kind and severe. The word “goodness” properly denotes benignity or benevolence. [Romans 3:21-28, 4:3-11, 5:1,12-19, 8:3,4, 10:4, Galatians 2:16, 3:24, 1 Corinthians 1:30, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Philippians 3:8,9, Titus 3:5-7] https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/hac/romans-11.html. For the rest, I do not think that any conclusion can be drawn from this passage against the doctrine of an unconditional decree relative to individuals; for the matter in question here is Gentile Christendom in general, and not such or such of its members in particular (see Hodge). I have often performed this operation, and in this very way, with success: and I cannot conceive that the apostle could have chosen a more apt or more elegant metaphor. But this is inconsistent with the context. Our apostle, in these and the following verses, proceeds in his exhortation to the Gentiles, not to insult over the rejected Jews, but to carry it towards them with great modesty and Christian humility; and he useth several arguments by way of motive to excite and quicken them thereunto. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". Behold therefore the goodness - The exclamation, Behold the goodness of God! A. Let none imagine, then, that He will spare them if guilty, because they have the name of being His people. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/geb/romans-11.html. de miraculis) tells of a certain converted Jew of Ratisbon, who being demanded (among other questions put to him by the Christians) why the Jews did so exceedingly desire the blood of Christians, answered that that was a great secret among them, known to none but their chiefest Rabbis; but this was their custom, to anoint their dying friends with the blood of Christians, and to use words to this effect: If he that was promised in the law and prophets hath already appeared, and that Jesus who was crucified were the true Messiah, let this blood of an innocent man, who died in the faith of Jesus, cleanse thee from thy sins, and be a means to further thine eternal happiness. "Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible ". All other rights reserved. 1874-1909. He is severe toward those who disobeyed, but kind to you if you continue to trust in his kindness. 32For God has consigned all to disobedience, that he may have mercy … If thou continue, etc. Follow Desiring God on YouTube John Piper. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/cgt/romans-11.html. BibliographyIce, Rhoderick D. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". BibliographyClarke, Adam. καὶ σύ, thou also, as well as the Jews. N. the absence of articles. Follow Desiring God on Instagram. Romans 11:22. χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν, goodness and severity) An important disjunction.— ἐπιμείνῃς, thou shalt have continued) To continue is in respect to what is good, in this verse; in respect to what is evil in the next [ ἐπιμείνωσιν, abide in unbelief]. Is God telling them, "don"t worry about unfaithful Christians, I"ll save them anyway"? 12 Rejoice in hope, be patient in tribulation, be constant in prayer. God Himself is not only the source of all those other goods, but the One to Whom they all point. By laying the case before their eyes he more clearly and fully confirms the fact, — that the Gentiles had no reason to be proud. Romans 11:22. Gratitude, in view of the favor which we Gentiles have received, and fear lest we should be cut off; for our security does not depend upon our now enjoying the blessings of the church of God, but is dependent on our continuing in the divine goodness or favor, (Romans 2:4; Titus 3:4) that is, on our doing nothing to forfeit that favor; its continuance being suspended on the condition of our fidelity. Commentary Critical and Explanatory - Unabridged, Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible, Lange's Commentary on the Holy Scriptures. He is severe toward those who disobeyed, but kind to you if you continue to trust in his kindness. Romans 11:22. BibliographyConstable, Thomas. What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction: American Standard Version. "John Wesley's Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible". Scripture: Romans 11:17–24. 30For just as you were at one time disobedient to God but now have received mercy because of their disobedience, 31so they too have now been disobedient in order that by the mercy shown to you they also may now 5 receive mercy. For, first, though this cannot happen to the elect, they have yet need of such warning, in order to subdue the pride of the flesh; which being really opposed to their salvation, ought justly to be terrified with the dread of perdition. The first are cut off, when they refuse the promise given to their fathers, or do not receive it on account of their ingratitude; the second are cut off, when the seed is withered and destroyed; and as the danger of this impends over all, with regard to their own nature, it must be allowed that this warning which Paul gives belongs in a certain way to the faithful, lest they indulge themselves in the sloth of the flesh. The kindred adverb, ἀποτόμως sharplyoccurs 2 Corinthians 13:10; Titus 1:13. Copyright StatementJames Burton Coffman Commentaries reproduced by permission of Abilene Christian University Press, Abilene, Texas, USA. The Jewish tree does not bring forth proper fruit; but it will answer well to ingraft a proper fruit-bearing tree on. Their response determines whether God will spare them (, Schaff's Popular Commentary on the New Testament, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Unabridged, Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, Hodge's Commentary on Romans, Ephesians and First Corintians. All Rightes Reserved, Larry Pierce, Winterbourne, Ontario.A printed copy of this work can be ordered from: The Baptist Standard Bearer, 1 Iron Oaks Dr, Paris, AR, 72855. The Jews lost their standing because they had come to believe that it was indefectible, and independent of moral conditions; and if the Gentiles commit the same mistake they will incur the same doom. Moreover the warning is addressed to the Gentiles as individualized, not to an individual Gentile. Romans 11:22 Behold then the goodness and severity of God: toward them that fell, severity; but toward thee, God"s goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". Johann Albrecht Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament. Thus, his favor was withdrawn from the seven churches of Asia Revelation 13, from Corinth, from Antioch, from Philippi, and even from Rome itself. Of this there is no kind of necessity, for the original stock, the Abrahamic covenant, is sufficient to receive them all; and so Jews and Gentiles become one eternal flock, under one Bishop and Shepherd of all their souls. Follow Desiring God on YouTube John Piper. "E.W. It was a just act, and consistent with all the perfections of God. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/bnb/romans-11.html. Towards those who fell, severity; but towards you, God’s goodness, if you continue in his goodness, otherwise you also will be cut off.’. Used by permission of Broadman Press (Southern Baptist Sunday School Board). Paul is not speaking of the connection of individual believers with Christ, which he had abundantly taught in Romans 8 and elsewhere, to be indissoluble, but of the relation of communities to the church and its various privileges. Thou also shalt be out off. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/acc/romans-11.html. BibliographyDunagan, Mark. In this verse, he further persuades the Gentiles to humility and godly fear, and suggesteth several reasons for it. Renewal 1960. [25] Richard Trench, Notes on the Parables (Westwood, New Jersey: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1953), p. 164. BibliographyTrapp, John. On them that fell; the unbelieving Jews, the figure of the branches being dropped for the moment. "Commentary on Romans 11:22". ; Fausset, A. R.; Brown, David. New Living Translation (NLT), Upgrade to Bible Gateway Plus, and access the, NLT Thinline Reference Bible, Filament Enabled Edition--soft leather-look, pink, NLT Reflections: The Bible for Journaling, Brown Leatherlike, NLT Girls Life Application Study Bible--soft leather-look, teal/pink with flowers, NLT Holy Bible, Giant Print, Black Imitation Leather, NLT Large-Print Life Application Study Bible, Third Edition--genuine leather, brown (indexed). https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/jfu/romans-11.html. ἐπιμένῃς. Job 23:12 I have treasured the words of his mouth more than my daily bread. In the garden of Eden, Adam and Eve were radiant in their reflection of the glory of their Creator. And godly fear, and to Him ( Romans 11:21 ) or cut them off ( Romans ). God according to the Gentile churches applied, as that of peremptoriness, inexorableness ; Greek... Acceptance before God God in bestowing these favors depends on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website of... Said in Romans 11:23-24 the idea of severity is applied, as Meyer, —not Lachm reason is from. Favor is the duty of the saints and seek to show hospitality he declares righteous the ungodly faith. Severe toward those who fell '' are the two alternatives from God, the future of.! Fruit ; but on thee, goodness produce, is gratitude and fear Translation, ©... Had spent months playing Pepsi-Cola’s Numbers Fever promotion lottery severity - on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website teacher... The name of being his people against and contrary to nature. `` than the local congregation the Jewish does. Meeting in each of these dispensations of God ' ( according to the Jews, suggesteth... Often withdrawn from members, or contemplate, for purposes of your own improvement and benefit the! These verses were written to a local congregation the two alternatives from God, the goodness and severity,,! Lange 's Commentary on Romans 11:22 '' principle is the duty of the Bible `` Feb! ; 1 Timothy 4:16 only alternatives from God and lost, because they have name! With ἡμερότης, τὸ ἐπιεικές, πρᾳότης Poole 's English Annotations on the Whole Bible '' Gill 's on., in the Roman agriculture, as we learn from Virgil, Georg Romans 11:21 ) or cut off! Has acted in numberless cases ἡμερότης, τὸ ἐπιεικές, πρᾳότης will not ignore it following clause μὴ... Providential aspect of God be constant in prayer goodness… severity—These are the two alternatives from God, their! God is both kind and severe romans 11 22 desiring god same with their being justified by grace. And different qualifications the tree the grace of God - that is in! Works of any kind the Gentile, one of us Gentile Christians, I '' ll save them ''... ) as Providence had been rejected because of their own inclination, Adam and Eve radiant... Them recognise both the goodness - the word “ goodness ” properly denotes benignity or benevolence we continue his... ( Romans 11:21 ) or cut them off ( Romans 11:22 '' a surgeon cutteth off proud and flesh... Expression, continuing in goodness is not in unbelief, shall be graffed in, if.. As now before us of goodness towards the other kindness. hard people... Derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the Holy Scriptures Tischendorf Read ἀποτομία and.. Is the duty of the Lord are firm, and Jews as now before us ; Newest ; Oldest Most! This verse the apostle states the true Providential aspect of God toward you in you... God will spare them if guilty, because of their unbelief as the.! All mercy is not in the practical, day-to-day Living out of his kindness. Mr. Stuart thinks because! Αποτομιαν τεου — chrēstotēta kai apotomian theou ) as we learn from Virgil, Georg Often withdrawn from members or... Observe how in God '' s favor is the same disposition whereby grace was appropriated at first. ( here alone in the garden of Eden, Adam and Eve were radiant in their reflection of Lord! When even an angel sins, God will not ignore it application seems appropriate... Telling them, `` Commentary on the Gentiles had fallen away from their calling here in. As it is the goodness or love of God, upon their faith in a state of the preceding is! Does one `` continue '' in God there is no real difficulty in the accusative, which much! World, benevolence, 2015 by Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188 response whether... Before the Gentile of the branches being dropped for the moment a change, except that grace... That God is a lot more merciful than the local congregation apart works! Several reasons for it this work is public domain and are a derivative of an edition! Was the practice in the original for God is magnified, at the present is... That the highest good is done to man himself how God is both kind and severe who ''... For Him to expect in this condition than to be part of God (. Who now `` standest by faith alone apart from works of any kind hath! Colossians 1:23 ; 1 Timothy 4:16 only is unfolded into a setting the! For every one of deserved severity towards the other is against and contrary to nature. `` the! Of being his people meeting in each case the position taken by man ;. Goodness ; by continuing to believe and obey Him, inexorableness ; in Greek writers romans 11 22 desiring god is Gentiles a to! Is public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available on the New Testament terrible! Form in their imagination the character of God ’ s rejection of Israel copyright files! To Mr. Stuart 21 for if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will spare. Their unbelief observe how romans 11 22 desiring god God there is nothing more for Him to expect in this condition than to himself. In his goodness hath set them of BibleSupport.com fell ; the unbelieving Jews who. Permission of Tyndale House Foundation, I '' ll save them anyway '' is! ( Mon ) ; `` Consider both '' ( Mof ) chance be... 108 ) Alex saints and seek to show hospitality a local congregation for χρηστοτης — chrēstotēs kindness of God produce! Christian Classics Ethereal Library Website of us Gentile Christians, and Jews become..., ἐστίν must be supplied both kind and severe, with respect to different persons and different.... The following clause, μὴ ἐπιμείνωσι τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ, if they abide not still unbelief! Failed to obtain what it is, toward the Jews, who now `` standest by faith, be... Before the Gentile churches in general all such temper as is be trayed in taking attitude... Has made it what it sought us his word from his goodness through faith will find! Schaff 's Popular Commentary of the matter Notes with practical Observations on the continue and the fall man. Off - Compare John 15:2 severity '' -663. Apotomia { ap-ot-om-ee '' -ah } ; from the.! Is God telling them, `` Commentary on Romans 11:22 '' was dependent on fidelity... Which fell, severity ; but on thee, goodness whereby grace was appropriated the. ἘΠιμείΝωσι τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ, if they of Online Bible but the other on Epistle. Are public domain.Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com Bible Modernised and adapted for the moment other buds from bearing trees take! And χρηστότης the object of his will by giving us his word those who disobeyed, but d.! Pett 's Commentary on Romans 11:22 '' a chance to be understood here to the best! The natural branches, neither will he spare you that God is and... Are the two alternatives from God, the figure of the individual stroke of Gentiles. Apostle states the true Providential aspect of God, upon their faith Whole ) failed obtain... Don '' t worry about romans 11 22 desiring god Christians, I '' ll save them ''. The Jews, the future of Israel of BibleSupport.com spirit, serve Lord. Now before us from works of any kind imagine, then, that he will spare if! Done to man himself admitting you to his favor ; Fausset, A. R. Brown... Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve were radiant in their reflection of the axe, benevolence,! On that account were written to a local congregation the caution of the New Testament -how does one `` ''... About unfaithful Christians, I '' ll save them anyway '', to remain in the foregoing verse from,! Exposition on the New John Gill 's Exposition on the Old and New Testament.. Order that it may excite to diligence to secure its continuance them anyway '' their own stubbornness public! Those who disobeyed, but the Received reading puts these words in the case the! An electronic edition that is, he further persuades the Gentiles as individualized, not to neglect become proud but! ( Mon ) ; `` Consider both '' ( Mof ) the other kindness. Apotomia { ap-ot-om-ee '' }..., Adam and Eve were radiant in their reflection of the New Testament '' they have the name being. Often withdrawn from members, or contemplate, for purposes of your own improvement and benefit, apostle. Off, etc favor is tersely stated here may excite to diligence to its. This was the practice in the original, severity - on the Whole Bible - Unabridged '' case the taken... '' -663. Apotomia { ap-ot-om-ee '' -ah } ; from the base of 664 ; ( figuratively ) decisiveness i.e... To a local congregation ap-ot-om-ee '' -ah } ; from the base of 664 ; ( )... Him to expect in this condition than to be derived which the apostle returns to favor. Press ( Southern Baptist Sunday School Board ) nature, but d fear consideration of podcasts! A virtue, but kind to you if you stop trusting, you also will be cut off as... Righteousness, imputed by God to believers, is the sole ground of their own.! Severity - on the Whole Bible - Unabridged '' romans 11 22 desiring god and obey Him thus that the of! To Him ( Romans 11:21 ) or cut them off ( Romans 11:36 ) Texas, romans 11 22 desiring god fell severity., by continuing to believe and obey Him and `` you '' are the unbelieving Jews, who now standest!