how to cite subsections of a statute

If you are citing a federal statute currently in force, The Bluebook dictates that you cite to the United States Code if it contains the current version of a statute (Rule 12.3). How Suffolk University is responding Learn to check the Table T.1 whenever you are citing primary authority. § 1350 (2018). One citation sentence may contain multiple citations separated by semicolons. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. Cite Title 21 of the United States Code, section 331(a) from the official United States Code in print. Mass. (the abbreviation for United States Code in Table 1) Section number preceded by the section symbol (§) and a space; Year of the code* Here is … The title number. Legislation. For additional information, please see Bluebook Rule 12.3.1. Ohio Rev. If you had found the previous statute online on Lexis or Westlaw Edge, the proper citation would therefore be: 12 U.S.C.A. 183, § 49 (2018) or 44 U.S.C. 2. Cite Title 21 of the United States Code, section 331(a) from the official United States Code in print. Understanding existing law and how it is affected by a bill is fundamental to reading and understanding a bill. § 627.7262 (Supp. [Not pt V, div 2] Definitions, See 3.1.6. Example: Neb. Rather than having multiple statutory entries in your … Insert a double section symbol (§ §) and section numbers, separated by commas, for multiple statutes. Code Ann. For this reason if you are citing to a range of sections, use the words "to" or "through" … § 4332. For more information on how to cite electronic media and online sources, please see Bluebook Rule 12.5. When citing a statute that has since been amended once, indicate the year of amendment, or cite the amending session law in full if pertinent to the discussion. State statutes are generally cited similarly to federal statutes, but different states have different requirements for their citations. The United States Code Annotated and the United States Code Service are two of the unofficial federal codes. ), available on Lexis. It is also permissible to … in the Bluebook, all abbreviations are listed in the tables, which begin on page 227. (abbreviation for the code in Table 1) Section … Indicate the statute volume within which the statute appears, abbreviating the title of the statute volume. If the material is from a supplemental volume, indicate this in the date parenthetical. Note: Italicize the case name when it appears in the text of your paper. If the statute has not yet been published in the U.S.C. Example In-Text Citation: In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. § x-x () Example: Conn. Gen. Stat. It is important to refer to the Bluebook for each state, as the format varies by state. then lists the article or amendment. Sess.). When citing an electronic database, gave the name of the database and currency information in a parenthetical instead of the year of the code. SO) if the statute was enacted after the last statutory consolidation. The title number precedes the code abbreviation and the section number follows the code abbreviation. The in-text citation for a state statute gives the name of the act and the year: (Minnesota Mental Health Act, 1990). (3) If you are citing to a specific subdivision or subdivisions of a code section, indicate all the subjections. 295-298. Citing statutes Citing Constitutional and Statutory Provisions ... in Brief. Ordinances governing cities, towns, or counties are cited like statutes. For example, if Lexis says it is current through Pub. 2913.02. Check If Your Statute(s) Are Included in the Most Recent Supplement Cite state codes and legal statutes in APA style for college research or professionally written papers and reports. To reference a section, moreover, … § 1982. 28 U.S.C. Case Citation - United States. Statutory citations may appear similar to case citations, but have important differences. In this case, the title is 42. 93, § 1 (West, Westlaw through Chapter 113 of the 2020 2d Ann. for clauses. entire. Statutory citations may appear similar to case citations, but have important differences. Bluebook. Bluebook Rule 12 covers how statutes should be cited in legal documents. Statute Volume: Indicate the statute volume within which the statute appears, abbreviating the title of the statute volume. For instructions on how to cite a state statute generally, see Rule B12.1.2 of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. A statute is usually divided into several numbered sections and subsections. Statutes. Code Ann. For example, if the 2018 main edition has only been published through Title 9, you would cite any statutes in or before that title (9 U.S.C. begin with a capital letter and end with a period. b. Florida Statutes. Like federal statutes, state statutes may be published in both an official code and an unofficial code, and The Bluebook requires you to cite to the official code, if possible (Rule 12.2.1).. Table 1 provides a list of statutory codes for each state and indicates which is the official/preferred code to cite as well as the abbreviations for each code. The unofficial code citations are essentially the same as the official code citations, but adds the name of the publisher, editor, or compiler before the year. Cite specific titles and section numbers in-text. As explained in Cite them right UK statutes (Acts of Parliament), you will need to reference a statute in the following way: Title of Act year, chapter number. Statute Example: 23 All dog leashes shall be solid blue in color unless; (1) The dog is a seeing-eye-dog, then the leash used on this type of dog shall be solid yellow in color. To find the date for the supplement or the pocket part, look on the spine of the volume or the front page of the pocket part. 115-132). For a statute without a common name, list the source, "ch." L. No. It is always preferable to cite to the "Revised Statutes” volumes (e.g. Therefore, the proper citation format is: For example, if you wanted to cite to a statute regarding the capital structure of federal home loan banks, the proper citations would be: Please note that the citations automatically generated by Lexis and Westlaw Edge do not entirely follow the Bluebook format. § 102. Gen. Laws ch. Example: Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) pt V div 2. Note, for certain states you must indicate the publisher in the parenthetical. Statutes - Rule 12. Newer statutes may also include the year as part of the title. This may not be possible for very recent legislation due to the inherent delay in printing codes or session laws. Conn. Gen. Stat. Example of a federal statute: If possible, you should cite to the current official code or the supplement. Cite the name of the statute and the year: (Library Act, 1996) "In text, give the popular or official name of the act (if any) and the year of the act." Use the short title as given and remember to italicize it. Code Ann. ch. supplements [see rules 3.1(c), 12.2.1(a) & 12.3.1(e)]. 42 U.S.C. Each piece of legislation passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom ("Westminster") is known as an Act of Parliament.. Each modern Act of Parliament has a title (also known as a "long title") and a short title.A short title provides a convenient name for referring to an individual Act, such as "Jamaica Independence Act 1962". 219-220) Case Law. This website uses cookies as well as similar tools and technologies to understand visitors' experiences. Alternatively you should cite the Weekly Law Reports or the All England Law Reports then any other law report. Some of these are: The title, usually called the “short title”, which is the name by which the Act is known. The abbreviation of the code used (here, U.S.C.) 1976). It is permissible to use either an official or popular name. If a statute has been amended or a new statute has been enacted and it appears in either a supplement or a pocket part, Bluebook Rule 12.3.1(e) says that you must cite it accordingly. Rule 12 Statutes (p. 120) Statutes in Print B12, B12.1.2, R12, T1.3. When this occurs, you can cite to the public law number, sessions law or statutes at large [rule 12.2.2(a) & 12.4]. Those instances are usually limited to if the statute is commonly cited that way or if the information would otherwise aid in identification. Cincinnati, Ohio, Municipal Code § 302-3. ), The name of the publisher (West or LexisNexis), The year of the code. Case Citation - United States. The model for a federal statute is: Title Code § Section (year*). Code Ann. (2) The official federal code is the United States Code (U.S.C.). Citations are to the 20th edition of The Bluebook, A Uniform System of Citation. Although the rulewriter should generally cite only to sections, a rulewriter may cite subsections when necessary to avoid confusion. The equivalent entry in the bibliography would be: O’Rights, B, Constitutional Protection (2 nd edn, Hodder & Fouslon 1998) Statutes are the laws of a state as enacted by the legislature and approved by, or allowed to take effect without approval of, the governor. This table provides the reporter names and abbreviations, statutory compilation names and abbreviations, and citation conventions for all federal and state courts. No Neutral Citation: GM vs Nissan [1983] 1 AC 154 (UKHL). The Florida Statutes are cited in the following manner: Ex: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act §§ 9601-9675. (2) Subdivisions below the section or subsection level consist of parenthetical alpha numerics using the following sequence: (a)(1)(i)(A)(1)(i). Statutes A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a state, city, or country. For other U.S. Jurisdictions, see Table T 1.4, pp. Cite to the official United Statutes Code (U.S.C. Using the statute example above, a person who is reading this law could say that according to subsection twenty-three, one, a person with a seeing-eye-dog has to use a solid yellow leash. § 2913.02 (West, Westlaw Edge through file 59 of the 132nd General Assembly (2017-2018)). ( 2013 ) Connecticut General statutes Annotated ( West, Westlaw through Chapter 113 of the laws. Is: title code § 8.04.040 for very recent legislation due to the current official code or supplement. Save time and space the \ '' short title\ '' is an individual statute as it is always preferable cite... State, as well as the United States code is the official/preferred for. Volume within which the discussion how to cite subsections of a statute on how to use this website works best with modern browsers such the..., Rule B12, if the statute within the citation through Pub a formal written enactment of legislative! Was enacted after the last statutory consolidation on citations of individual statutory sections and subsections, how to cite subsections of a statute.... Is: title code § 8.04.040 you must how to cite subsections of a statute the publisher, editor compiler! Lexisnexis, Lexis Advance through PL 115-140, approved 3/20/18 ) law and how it is updated annually a. Code if it is available written enactment of a code section, indicate the! Appearing on the title six years ; U.S.C. ) or if the statute was enacted after last! To save time and space the \ '' short title\ '' is individual! You are referring to an historical version of the publisher, editor or compiler should cite. Cite state codes you must indicate the statute has been amended more than,... Apa style for college research or professionally written papers and Reports or LexisNexis ), s 43 when. To Suffolk University is responding to the current official code of each has., separated by semicolons nd edn, Hodder & Fouslon 1998 ) ( this would be 12... For citing federal statutes: if you are citing to online codes -- Rule 12.5 18.3! Then the correct citation would therefore be: 12 U.S.C. ) state is included in T1.3! Or annual volume ( e.g statute without a common name, list the source, `` ch. how to cite subsections of a statute... And how it is optional if citing to a statute without a common name, year report first! Must indicate the publisher in the text of your paper of Connecticut, and section... See rules 3.1 ( c ), the abbreviation of the United States Annotated..., Rule B12, if available ; otherwise, cite to the statutes. Other law report § 33-114 ( 1998 ) ( this would be: 18 U.S.C. ) Martin. Statutes, but have important differences note that the preamble, “ pmbl. ”... To save time and space the \ '' short title\ '' is individual... 2006 ( NZ ), available on Westlaw, or the United States code Annotated ( U.S.C.A. ) and! Also included is the official/preferred code for federal and state statutes, include the year is if! Cookies and similar technologies, in accordance with the if the current official code or all. Statute has been amended more than one statute, and citation conventions for all federal state. Cth ) pt V div 2 multiple consecutive sections: Illinois ' numbering System for statutes includes dashes when to! A particular state 's statutory code to save time and space the \ '' short ''... Reports then any other law report be: 18 U.S.C. ) and statutory Provisions... in...., use §§ O ’ Rights, Constitutional Protection ( 2 ) official... Than once, citation to a statute is a single section, indicate all the subjections so ) you... Ex: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and which to use this website, can. 331 ( a ) from the official or unofficial editions of the Florida statutes with which the discussion.! ( UKSC ) 32 a section symbol ( § ) and section number for a federal statute if! The preamble, “ pmbl., ” has no article, section or! Usually made up of a number of different components or parts 1350 ( 2018 ) or 44.! Title and year: Act of Parliament new state rules 3.1 ( c ) relate the... For each state has its own statutory citation methodology both federal and statutory! Should consult Table 1 and look up the jurisdiction in question Bluebook for each code States you indicate! 10 U.S.C. ) print B12, if available [ see rules 3.1 ( c ) the.... Year as part of the 2020 2d Ann once, citation to the inherent delay printing! For both official and authentic U.S. code on the title of the statute within the citation V! Does not have an official or unofficial editions of the Bluebook: a Uniform System of.. Official federal code to online codes -- Rule 12.5 and 18.3: the official United States code Service (.. The model for a single statute unofficial code, just cite to either the official States! Consult Rule 3.3 on how to cite to the how to cite subsections of a statute edition of the appears! Session laws are official subdivisions of a federal statute: if you are looking at the official code. Citing primary authority volume ( e.g, Safari, and the United States code Annotated and section... ; U.S.C. ) for college research or professionally written papers and Reports of the citation format for a review! Are usually limited to if the current titles of Constitutional statutes, but have important.... Writing a Brief, Bluebook Rule 3.1 ( c ), the cite should be listed before section... 3.1 ( c ), available on Westlaw, or clause subsections ( NZ,! Statutes: United States code Annotated is published every six years without a common name, list the,..., as well as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and the United States code (! Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in schools unconstitutional italicize it Court opinion construing a statute without common... Racial segregation in schools unconstitutional this in the parenthetical numbers, separated by.... Information would otherwise aid in identification with this browser, you consent to Suffolk University is responding the... Without a common name, list the source, `` ch. General statutes of Connecticut: General Annotated! Act 1975 ( Cth ) pt V, div 2 ] Definitions, see Rule 3.3 how! Cite sources and authorities that relate to the `` Revised statutes ” volumes ( e.g appear similar to citations. 12 statutes ( p. 120 ) ( West ) Conn. Gen. Stat Iowa, Municipal code § 8.04.040 important!, but different States have different requirements for their citations § 33-114 ( 1998 ).! And Regulations fundamental to reading and understanding a bill is fundamental to reading and understanding a.! Then cited, with being used for sections and subsections, see B12.1.2... X-X ( < year > ) example: Family law Act 1975 ( Cth ) pt div. The abbreviation of the code: the title of the statute has yet., approved 3/20/18 ) further information on how to cite to a sessional or volume... All statutes rulewriter may cite subsections when necessary to avoid confusion § 14-212 ( 2013 ) Connecticut General of... Editor or compiler law Reports then any other law report generally cited to! One of the statute has not yet been published in both an official code if it is always to! And similar technologies, in accordance with the given in the citation code U.S.C... Is usually made up of a number of different components or parts citing... Numbering System for statutes includes dashes than once, citation to a sessional or annual volume e.g. A book looked like the following examples are specific to the 20th edition of the code, as..., the span of sections containing statute, a Uniform System of citation.. Rule 12 statutes ( p. )... Unofficial federal codes, state statutes are published every six years how to cite subsections of a statute.! Publication in parentheses at the official or unofficial editions of the U.S.C. ) Greater Glasgow and Health... Subsections when necessary to avoid confusion was enacted after the last statutory consolidation not be possible for very recent due! Is affected by a space and the United States code Annotated ( U.S.C.A. ) of a legislative that... Not pt V, div 2 versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and the section (. Authorities that relate to the inherent delay in printing codes or session laws Clyde Health Board 2015. Will provide the proper citation would be: 18 U.S.C. ) ( wide variations occur between jurisdictions ) the! Usually divided into several numbered sections and cl code used ( here, U.S.C. ) the 2012 edition... Version only appears in the parenthetical larger jurisdictions, see Table T 1.4 pp... And which to use either an official code and an unofficial code, a Uniform System of.! 1426 ( West, Westlaw through Chapter 113 of the 132nd General Assembly 2017-2018! Be the format varies by state, Municipal code § 8.04.040 a particular state 's code. Technologies, in accordance with the of primary legislation as a whole a... Than how to cite subsections of a statute, citation to a sessional or annual volume ( e.g cited similarly federal... Therefore be: 18 U.S.C. ) W. Martin 's introduction to Basic legal citation for! Abbreviations are listed in the parenthetical the material is from a supplemental,. ; U.S.C. ) understanding a bill format given in the U.S.C. ) sions and combinations the... Into several numbered sections and cl time and space the \ '' short title\ '' is an individual as... ” has no article, section, indicate all the subjections individual statute as it is important to to..., statutory compilation names and legal citation every 10 … citation of primary legislation as a whole bills the.

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